It is not enough to know "your norm". So that people can monitor how much they drink, in 1987 in Great Britain presented the concept of "unity" - an alcohol unit. This method of alcohol was very comfortable and was put into operation in other countries around the world.
An alcohol unit corresponds to 10 ml or 8 g pure ethanol, which corresponds approximately to the alcohol volume that the body of an average adult can process within an hour. Theoretically, this means that it is almost no alcohol traces in an adult in an hour, although individuals have the rate of alcohol excretion out of the body.
In accordance with the above, there are permissible alcohol standards, of which the surplus for health is dangerous. The:
- Not more than 3-4 units alcohol per day for men;
- Not more than 2-3 units alcohol per day for women.
It should be noted that this does not refer to average alcohol consumption in a few days, namely the maximum permissible amount of alcohol in one day.
At the same time, the number of strong drinks should not exceed one week:
- for women - 14 units;
- For men - 21 units.
If you have drunk an excessive amount of alcohol the day before, fail in the next 48 hours of alcohol.
From units to "inside"
The number of alcohol units in the drink depends on the fortress and the volume of the drunk. So:
- A glass of wine (250 ml) of a 12% fortress contains about 3 units of alcohol;
- Bank of Beer (1 l) of the 5% fortress contains about 4 units of alcohol;
- A stack of vodka (25 ml) of the fortress 40% contains about 1 unit alcohol.
So the permissible daily standard is on average:
- A glass of wine at dinner;
- About half a beer of beer from an ordinary fortress;
- 2-3 small stacks vodka.
For lovers of exotic alcoholic drinks and cocktails, the formula is useful with which you can calculate the number of units in any volume of different drinks:
- Fortress (%) x volume (ml) ÷ 1000 = alcohol units.
How can you reduce the damage from alcohol?
Once in the body, alcohol is absorbed into the stomach, and then blood flow spreads through the body through the body and easily penetrates into all tissues and organs. The maximum alcohol concentration in the blood is observed about an hour after its use. This is the time of the strongest poisoning and euphoria. Next, alcohol enters the processing.
In the first stage, a water molecule from Ethanol breaks off and vinegar -aldehyde shapes. This is a poison for the body, the following hangover and the poisoning are associated with this. In the second stage, aldehyde turns into acetic acid, which is not toxic and with energy to carbon dioxide and water. Two enzymes are controlled by alcohol split processes: alcohol droginase (ADG) and acetaldehydehydrogenase (ALDG). The speed of her work is an innate genetic feature.
In a person with fast ADG and ALDG, alcohol does not refer in the body, and aldehyde quickly breaks down to harmless substances. Such a man is slowly drunk and does not suffer from a strong hangover. About people with slow enzymes who say that they don't know how to drink: they quickly reach the crazy state that is replaced by a heavy hangover. But the worst of everyone who quickly has ADG and slow ALDG. Such people are not drunk for a long time and it manages to drink more than the laid, and the rapidly formed vinegar -aldehyde in the body, which remains in the body for a long time and has a harmful effect.
Accordingly, the power of poisoning and subsequent poisoning only depends on the amount of drunk and inheritance. However, there are tricks with which you can easily reduce the damage of alcohol. For this purpose, slow down the absorption of alcohol from the stomach or reduce the amount of alcohol "from the collar".
- Spying alcohol (beer, champagne) cannot be mixed with strong drinks. The carbon dioxide of the "magical bladder" accelerates the absorption of alcohol and increases its concentration in the blood, hence the severity of the hangover.
- Hot alcohol (punch, grog) and fortified wines have to be drunk moderately for the soul. Sugar and high temperature accelerate the alcohol flow into the blood and the formation of acetaldehyde.
- Before and during the festival you have to eat well, especially greasy foods. In this case, the assimilation of alcohol is slowed down and its damage is reduced to a possible minimum. Alcohol on an empty stomach can not only lead to fast poisoning, but also to dangerous hypoglycaemia.
- Stretch the time between the toasts and drink a small volume of stacked and glasses to reduce the alcohol concentration in the blood.
- Do not drink before and during a firm aspirin. Acetylsalicylic acid slows down the absorption of alcohol, but causes the stomach of ulcerative and increases the risk of bleeding.
- Caffeine extends the duration of activity at the table, but can lead to the development of a hypertensive crisis and the heart arrhythmia in combination with alcohol.
If you often have to drink alcohol, it is useful to carry out a biochemical blood test 2-3 times a year and to visit the therapist. In order to protect the liver and the brain from the effects of alcohol, a course intake of hepatoprotectors and vitamin preparations, as prescribed by a doctor, is recommended.
Do I have to drink "for health"?
In contrast to the widespread opinion, there is currently no convincing evidence that moderate amounts of alcohol benefit the heart and clean the vessels. There is also no evidence that an alcoholic drink has advantages for others, which affects the influence on the heart cycle system.
Therefore, you should not drink alcohol with a "therapeutic" goal of those who have no such habit. The use of small and moderate alcoholosis is not a prevention of cardiovascular diseases.